• It is well established that a

  2019-08-17

  

  It is well established that a number of intracellular signaling pathways mediate sensitization of sensory neurons (Gold and Gebhart, 2010, Richardson and Vasko, 2002). This redundancy could be advantageous since it provides diversity in initiating and maintaining hypersensitivity in response to inju

• Each of these substrate receptors belongs to a multigene

  2019-08-17

  

  Each of these substrate receptors belongs to a multigene family with tens, if not hundreds of members in plants, and with in part overlapping and in part differential substrate specificities [4]. The complexity of the system is nicely illustrated by the F-box protein and auxin receptor TRANSPORT INH

• Cyclin D inhibits the transcriptional activity of

  2019-08-17

  

  Cyclin D1 inhibits the transcriptional activity of the transcription factors myogenin and MEF2 [39,40]. In addition, myogenin activates MEF2 expression, which feeds back to amplify the myogenin promoter [38]. In this study, DGKδ suppression, in addition to the increase of cyclin D1, inhibited myogen

• A An optimized BEI SEIscore based on

  2019-08-17

  

  (A) An “optimized BEI-SEIscore” based on the trends, emerged from the statistical analysis of several optimization studies in pharmaceutical industry (Abad-Zapatero, 2007, Abad-Zapatero and Blasi, 2011). This type of optimized scores has been used in many previous studies. Ki=1nM at 300° K, compare

• BR stimulated PA formation via the DGK pathway

  2019-08-17

  

  BR-stimulated PA formation via the DGK pathway might have many effects in regulation of cell metabolism. For example, PA originated from DGKs pathway plays important roles in activation of NADPH oxidases, thus turning on ROS signaling [23]. PA is also connected to regulation of respiration processes

• Colony stimulating factor receptor CSF R or cFMS is a

  2019-08-17

  

  Colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R or cFMS) is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase. It is activated by binding with CSF-1 and IL-34, which stimulates differentiation, proliferation, survival and migration of monocyte-macrophage lineage cells., , , Also, macrophages produce inflammatory med

• We also identified a role for the transcription factor p

  2019-08-17

  

  We also identified a role for the transcription factor p53 in the regulation of the Crm1 promoter. p53 can activate or repress the transcription of target genes. While activation generally occurs through binding of p53 to its consensus binding site in the promoter region of target genes, for example

• Besides EGFR other tyrosine kinase receptors are currently g

  2019-08-16

  

  Besides EGFR, other tyrosine kinase receptors are currently gaining attention as potential therapeutic targets. Included among these is the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family, which is involved in the progression of a variety of cancers.7, 8, 9, 10, 11 In lung cancer, fibroblast growth

• br Materials and methods Details on materials and

  2019-08-16

  

  Materials and methods Details on materials and methods can be found in the Supplemental material section. Results Discussion In our experiments we mimicked inflammation by LPS challenge of M0 macrophages. We discovered a strong increase in expression of CH25H and CYP7B1 while CYP27A1 and H

• Both the kK and kK mediated

  2019-08-16

  

  Both, the kK3 and kK5-mediated ubiquitination leads to rapid internalisation of target proteins followed by lysosomal degradation, similar to that seen for MARCH-1/8 [77]. Ubiquitination activity of kK3 and kK5 depends on the positioning of the targeted lysine (or cysteine) residues [22]. The positi

• cholesterol absorption inhibitors Several functions of FAT h

  2019-08-16

  

  Several functions of FAT10 have been suggested. It has been shown that FAT10 binds noncovalently to the mitotic spindle checkpoint protein MAD2 and that this binding might cause chromosome instability in the cancer cholesterol absorption inhibitors overexpressing FAT10 (Liu et al., 1999, Ren et al.

• br Introduction The ubiquitination status of a

  2019-08-16

  

  Introduction The ubiquitination status of a target protein is achieved via a delicate balance between two opposing forces: ubiquitin E3 ligases and DUBs. It has been postulated that the majority of proteins in a cell are regulated and modified by ubiquitin at some point (Hershko and Ciechanover,

• Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors DPP is

  2019-08-16

  

  Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is or gliptins) stimulate both post-meal insulin secretion and inhibit H-Lys(Ac)-OH.HCl secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, rendering the risk of hypoglycaemia minimal [10]. They are weight-neutral or may even induce slight weight loss. Their good effic

• Introduction Klebsiella pneumoniae a Gram negative

  2019-08-16

  

  Introduction Klebsiella pneumoniae, a Gram-negative enteric bacterium, is an organism with significance in both biomedicine and biotechnology. Some of the strains of K. pneumoniae are opportunistic pathogens, which can cause suppurative infection, pneumoniae and urinary tract infection in humans (B

• Despite the differences in the clustering abilities of

  2019-08-15

  

  Despite the differences in the clustering abilities of DDR1b versus DDR2 upon ligand administration, we also noted striking similarities in the spatial distribution and phosphorylation of DDR1b-YFP and DDR2-GFP. We show for the first time that in MC3T3-E1 cells, after 4 h of collagen administration,

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