• The hippocampus is the primary brain structure

  2023-04-12

  

  The hippocampus is the primary brain structure involved in learning and memory. The role of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in neurological processes in cognition and depression has been extensively demonstrated. Synaptophysin is a critical substance in synaptogenesis, which is necessary for learnin

• br Conclusion br Conflicts of interest br Introduction

  2023-04-12

  

  Conclusion Conflicts of interest Introduction RNA interference is a specific post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism within a cell via the transfection of microRNAs (miRNA), exogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNA) or small hairpin RNAs (shRNA) [1–3]. Transfection of shRNA can be done

• Recent studies demonstrated FoxO a enhances the protective

  2023-04-12

  

  Recent studies demonstrated FoxO3a enhances the protective functions of autophagy in response to environmental stress , . FoxO3a coordinately activates autophagy by binding directly to the promoters of autophagy-related genes, including LC3, Gabarapl1, Beclin1, and Atg12 in atrophied skeletal muscle

• Inactivation of autophagy can also impact the surface intern

  2023-04-12

  

  Inactivation of autophagy can also impact the surface internalization of MHC I molecules, leading to increased antigen presentation. Inactivation of autophagy factors Atg5 and Atg7 in DCs causes elevation of MHC I surface levels by decreasing endocytosis due to a poor recruitment of adaptor-associat

• We have recently reported a regulatory effect

  2023-04-12

  

  We have recently reported a regulatory effect of quercetin on the AChE activity in the brainstem during the demyelination and remyelination process [17]. It has also been observed that there is a protective effect on lipid peroxidation and worsening of motor functions caused by loss of myelin in the

• Pathological angiogenesis occurs when an imbalance

  2023-04-12

  

  Pathological angiogenesis occurs when an imbalance of endogenous proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors occurs. Although the focus of angiogenesis-related drug development has been geared to the discovery of antiangiogenic compounds for use in pathologies where excessive angiogenesis occurs (cance

• br Materials and methods br Conflict of interest br Acknowle

  2023-04-12

  

  Materials and methods Conflict of interest Acknowledgments We thank Christine Heiner (Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh) for her critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the US National Institutes of Health (R01GM115366, R01CA160417, and R01CA

• Elevated aminopeptidase activities were often detected in or

  2023-04-12

  

  Elevated aminopeptidase activities were often detected in organs of plant with accelerated protein turnover, such as leaves and petals during senescence, fruits maturation or in germinating seeds [22]. Moreover, it was proven that these enzymes take part in defense responses [[23], [24], [25]]. Part

• Some of the mechanisms that involve LOX as a

  2023-04-12

  

  Some of the mechanisms that involve 12-LOX as a potential pathogenic enzyme are illustrated in Fig. 2. Direct β cell effects associated with the stimulation of 12-LOX activity include the activation of second messengers c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK, both of which show increased phosphorylati

• Overexpression of AR in a transgenic mouse model leads

  2023-04-11

  

  Overexpression of AR in a transgenic mouse model leads to a capsular cataract phenotype involving proliferation and formation of a fibrotic plaque of cells reminiscent of cells at the posterior LiCl synthesis in PCO [17]. To investigate the molecular mechanism that could link AR expression to this

• In eukaryotes class III ACs including GCs

  2023-04-11

  

  In eukaryotes, class III ACs (including GCs) are almost universally present, with the noteworthy exception of higher plants. Our dataset comprises 9690 sequences of class III nucleotide cyclases from 710 eukaryotic species. Approximately 80% thereof belong to subclass IIIa and 10% to subclasses IIIb

• Until now the molecular interactions

  2023-04-11

  

  Until now, the molecular interactions of Tmod or Lmod with nitric oxide synthase inhibitors had been assessed in pyrene-actin polymerization assays [13], [23], [27], [28], [44], [45] or directly measured using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis (for Tmod isoforms only [23]), ITC (for

• br Introduction Myasthenia gravis MG is an autoimmune

  2023-04-11

  

  Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterised by failure of transmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). In 80–85% of myasthenia gravis patients, the disease is mediated by antibodies to the nicotinic Protionamide receptor (AChR; (Lindstrom et al., 1976). Many i

• Although effects of low concentrations of agonist

  2023-04-11

  

  Although effects of low concentrations of agonist were not as thoroughly documented for heteromeric receptors such as the major Emodin receptor α4β2 nAChR, a similar mechanism of action was described to explain the potentiation of these receptors with low concentrations of acetylcholine-esterase-in

• br In patients with spina bifida

  2023-04-11

  

  In patients with spina bifida and spinal cord injury, fecal incontinence is a serious issue that can impair activities of daily living and patient self-esteem. To address this Malone et al. first described the Antegrade Continence Enema (ACE) procedure in 1990 [1], which achieves continence by all

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