• It is well accepted that PKA is a

  2023-03-20

  

  It is well accepted that PKA is a key enzyme activated at the beginning of the capacitation process [69]. As mentioned above phosphorylation/inactivation of cofilin in sperm is a PKA dependent process [58]. We could not see any change in cofilin phosphorylation level by adding the PKA activator 8Br-

• The use of a single well identified molecule

  2023-03-20

  

  The use of a single well-identified molecule to induce AChR clusters formation can simplify complicated cell manipulation procedures and may provide a more efficient means of developing biological substitutes for functional muscle tissue restoration in vivo. Pharmacological approaches dealing with b

• Several in vivo and in vitro

  2023-03-17

  

  Several in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated changes in bioactive lipid profiles under hyperglycemic conditions and have linked these changes with increased leukocyte adhesion and vascular dysfunction during diabetes. This input has originated partly from lipidomic studies that showed elev

• Molecular simulation has proven useful in describing

  2023-03-17

  

  Molecular simulation has proven useful in describing the dynamics and energetics of NMDA receptor LBD cleft closure and the potentiating role of glycans (Yao et al., 2013, Dai and Zhou, 2013, Dai and Zhou, 2015, Dai and Zhou, 2016, Dutta et al., 2015, Omotuyi and Ueda, 2015, Sinitskiy and Pande, 201

• The primary structure of the A

  2023-03-17

  

  The primary structure of the Aβ peptide can be divided into four regions based on hydrophobicity. The N-terminal residues 1–16 comprise the first hydrophilic region, which also contains the metal binding site. More specifically, side chain carboxylate of D1 and the side chain nitrogens of H6, H13 an

• Ala a branched chain amino

  2023-03-17

  

  Ala, a branched chain amino acid, has been reported to play a functional role in intracellular pH regulation, and it typically accumulates in response to various stresses (Limami et al., 2008, Rocha et al., 2010). Our data demonstrated that increasing Cd concentrations at lower Cd doses resulted in

• The beneficial treatment with several statins have been eval

  2023-03-17

  

  The beneficial treatment with several statins have been evaluated in AD patients (Kivipelto et al., 2005), with controversial results. It has been suggested that statins slow cognitive decline in mild to moderate AD (Miida et al., 2005). Treatment with atorvastatin, combined with other medications,

• The role of circulating physiologic concentrations of FGF in

  2023-03-17

  

  The role of circulating physiologic concentrations of FGF21 in glucose metabolism, however, remains unclear. Circulating FGF21 levels in obese and diabetic rodents, and in patients with type 2 diabetes are significantly higher than those in controls without diabetes [4], [5], [6]. On the other hand,

• Introduction Adenosine monophosphate cAMP is a general

  2023-03-17

  

  Introduction Adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) is a general-purpose signaling molecule present in most branches of life. Intracellular cAMP levels control diverse cellular functions. In bacteria, cAMP regulates metabolism by activation of the catabolite activator protein (CAP), also known as cA

• br The role of AMPK

  2023-03-17

  

  The role of AMPK beyond Maraviroc homeostasis: regulating metabolism AMPK plays a major role in glucose homeostasis by modulating glucose transport in peripheral tissues [20]. Skeletal muscle, one of the main peripheral tissues involved in glucose uptake and disposal, expresses glucose transport

• Although effects of low concentrations of agonist were not

  2023-03-16

  

  Although effects of low concentrations of agonist were not as thoroughly documented for heteromeric receptors such as the major PRL-3 Inhibitor α4β2 nAChR, a similar mechanism of action was described to explain the potentiation of these receptors with low concentrations of acetylcholine-esterase-in

• The initial observations indicating a

  2023-03-16

  

  The initial observations indicating a crucial role for prostaglandin e1 transfer in 17,20 lyase activity were that the molar ratio of POR to P450c17 is three- to four-fold higher in porcine testes than in porcine adrenals, and that adding purified POR to porcine P450c17 in vitro increased 17,20 lya

• Five alternatively spliced isoforms of ATX have been describ

  2023-03-16

  

  Five alternatively-spliced isoforms of ATX have been described and all are catalytically active [16], [17]. The original ATX described in 1992 is termed ATXα, whereas the most abundant isoform is ATXβ and is the same isoform responsible for plasma lysoPLD activity [18]. Full length ATX is synthesize

• In the mammalian brain synapse formation is followed

  2023-03-16

  

  In the mammalian brain, synapse formation is followed by a period of synapse refinement, and autophagy has been shown to play an important role in this process. For example, Tang and colleagues found that autophagy is required for the developmental pruning of dendritic spines, and that this pruning

• We wanted to investigate the influence

  2023-03-16

  

  We wanted to investigate the influence of substituents on the pyrazole ring on the activity, but only a few substituted pyrazole-3-carboxylic acids/esters were commercially available in useful amounts at a reasonable price, for example, 4- and 5-nitro-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid. The preparation of 4

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