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First the complete canonical brain original RAS Angiotensino
2025-02-28
First, the complete canonical brain original RAS (Angiotensinogen, Renin, Angiotensin I, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE), Angiotensin II) has not been conclusively identified in any specific cell type within the brain [1]. Validated evidence for the presence of brain Angiotensinogen and ACE was
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The G R mutation is located at the solvent
2025-02-28
The G1202R mutation is located at the solvent front of the ALK kinase domain adjacent to the inhibitor's binding pocket. Although barely reported in the setting of crizotinib resistance, it has emerged as the most refractory mutation to both the first- and second-generation ALK inhibitors. The large
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Several ceritinib resistant mutations following
2025-02-28
Several ceritinib-resistant mutations following the second-line treatment of ALK+-NSCLC have been discovered [64]. These mutations include C1156Y, F1174L, and L1152R, which were first observed in crizotinib-resistant tumor samples. The G1202R ceritinib-resistant mutation occurs within the hinge and
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For patients who have taken advantage of
2025-02-28
For patients who have taken advantage of the anti-TKIs and whose follow-up has been succeeded, some partial response has been noticed with 45% (9/20) for gefitinib, 39% (9/23) for erlotinib and 56.5% (13/23) for crizotinib. A disease progression has also been observed with 35% (7/20) for gefitinib,
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Differentiation of skeletal myoblasts is a tightly orchestra
2025-02-28
Differentiation of skeletal myoblasts is a tightly orchestrated process that involves myoblast proliferation, erythromycin ethylsuccinate suspension withdrawal, expression of muscle-specific genes, and fusion into multinucleated myofibers (Horsley and Pavlath, 2004; Krauss, 2010). The maintenance o
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Young et al described the role
2025-02-28
Young et al. [40] described the role of adenine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the translocation of GLUT4 in the heart. The AMPK is activated during muscle contraction [74] by converting AMP to ATP. The adenosine analog, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), is a c
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br Therapeutic advantages and clinical
2025-02-27
Therapeutic advantages and clinical implications of caffeine treatment in ROP The demonstration of the role of the adenosine receptor in development of ROP and protection by caffeine suggests two potential therapeutic strategies with high translational potential: a) modification of caffeine treat
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The cytoplasmic domain of muscle AChR is not accessible to
2025-02-27
The cytoplasmic domain of muscle AChR is not accessible to Epicatechin derivative in vivo. Theoretically, therapy with the cytoplasmic domains should be safe. Safety is demonstrated by the facts that: (1) rats repeatedly immunized with the cytoplasmic domains in TiterMax adjuvant do not develop EAM
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The srd a isoforms showed unique expression profiles
2025-02-27
The srd5a isoforms showed unique expression profiles in early FHM development (Fig. 2). Similar to amphibian embryos, there was a high abundance of both srd5a1 and srd5a3 at 1dpf in FHMs, suggesting that mRNA for these enzymes may be maternally deposited and that these enzymes may play a key role in
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Finasteride was the first steroidal reductase
2025-02-27
Finasteride (13) was the first steroidal 5α-reductase inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1992 for treatment of BPH. In fact, long term clinical studies with this drug demonstrated a sustained reduction of the prostatic specific antigen and an overall improvement in BH
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A variety of quinazoline or fused pyrimidine substituted dia
2025-02-27
A variety of quinazoline or fused pyrimidine-substituted diaminotriazoles showed sub-100nM inhibition of Axl (). Diaminotriazoles similarly substituted with quinolines, isoquinolines and benzothiazoles also showed potent Axl activity (data not shown), but generally exhibited potent cytotoxicity and
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The ATX LPA signaling axis has been implicated in
2025-02-27
The ATX–LPA signaling “axis” [5] has been implicated in a perplexing variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes, including vascular and neural development [5], [26], [27], [28], [29], tumor progression and metastasis [30], [31], lymphocyte trafficking [22], bone development [32], neur
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Crohn s disease an inflammatory bowel disease that affects
2025-02-27
Crohn’s disease, an inflammatory bowel disease that affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is characterized by a polymorphism in ULK1 autophagy gene due to the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Thus, the autophagic process is impaired during the disease. The mutations in the leuc
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On the other hand there were only
2025-02-27
On the other hand, there were only a few cases that expressed DA2R in our study. Additionally, in the cases whose ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas expressed DA2R, the ratio of positive staining Cy5 hydrazide (non-sulfonated) was very low. This suggests that dopamine agonists may be less effective
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MiR has already been implicated in the
2025-02-27
MiR-21 has already been implicated in the protective effects of Res on lung fibrosis, but the molecular mechanisms are underexplored. Our results showed a clear increase of activation protein 1 (AP-1) activity after TGF-β treatment, which was suppressed by Res in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting